Seasonal Depression

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that affects 5% of adults. Symptoms typically emerge in the fall and last 4-5 months  throughout the winter months. The condition is believed to result from biochemical changes related to reduced amounts of sunlight. 

In North America, prevalence rates of Seasonal Affective Disorder are greater in areas with less sun exposure. Thus, prevalence rates of SAD are positively correlated with latitude; the farther from the equator, the higher the rates of SAD. 

Women are at greater risk of developing SAD. The symptoms are believed to be related to deficiencies in vitamin D, melatonin, and serotonin. An estimated 10-20% of depressed individuals follow a seasonal pattern. SAD often co-occurs with another mental health problem such as major depression, bipolar disorder, or an anxiety disorder. 

Symptoms include:

• Depressed most of the day, nearly every day

• Diminished interest in activities 

• Low energy

• Sleep problems

• Changes in appetite or weight

• Feeling sluggish or agitated

• Having difficulty concentrating

• Feeling hopeless, worthless, or guilty

• Having frequent thoughts of death or suicide

People who experience SAD in winter tend to report:

• Weight gain

• Overeating, particularly with a craving for carbohydrates

• Oversleeping (hypersomnia)

• Social withdrawal (feeling like “hibernating”)
  
  
  
  

People who experience SAD in the summer months are more likely to endorse: 

• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)

• Poor appetite, leading to weight loss

• Restlessness and agitation

• Anxiety

• Episodes of violent behavior

Treatment for SAD includes light therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), antidepressant medication such as an SSRI, and vitamin D. 

If you think you are experiencing symptoms of SAD, at home light therapy should be explored.

Sitting in front of a UV-free lamp for 15-30 minutes each morning may be beneficial. There are multiple products available in the $30 range. 

Here is a link to one example: Light Therapy Lamp, UV-Free 10000 Lux Therapy Light, Touch Control with 3 Adjustable Brightness Levels and 4 Timer Function, Large Light Surface 90° Rotatable Stand, Compact Size for Home/Office Use https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B08HV89TVQ/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_glt_fabc_79M88JNDY2YFJA3CRMB1

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that targets symptoms of depression. Most SAD-sufferers have been found to have negative views of winter. CBT can help you to deal with symptoms of pessimism and negative thinking through cognitive restructuring and symptoms of inactivity and withdrawal through behavioral activation. 

Medications and supplementation with vitamin D are also options that you can discuss with your doctor. 

It is especially important that you seek professional help if you are experiencing thoughts of suicide. SAD symptoms typically improve after 4-5 months, but you will need support and encouragement to see you through the difficult times. Do not suffer alone.

If you are experiencing symptoms of SAD and would like to discuss treatment options, please contact Dr. Combs-Lane. 

* The information and resources contained on this website are for informational purposes only and are not intended to assess, diagnose, or treat any medical and/or mental health disease or condition. The use of this website does not imply nor establish any type of therapist-client relationship. Furthermore, the information obtained from this site should not be considered a substitute for a thorough medical and/or mental health evaluation by an appropriately credentialed and licensed professional. *